{ "_readme": "ITA (nota per chi manutiene): le UNICHE cifre del sito che non escono dalla pipeline. Vengono da pubblicazioni altrui e nessuno puo' ricalcolarle in locale; freeze_check non le protegge, perche' confronta il sito col sito e non con le fonti. Vanno RIVERIFICATE A MANO a ogni release (passo dedicato in DEPLOY.md), aggiornando poi il campo 'verified'. ⚠️ I campi 'source', 'what' e 'note' FINISCONO STAMPATI nella pagina inglese: vanno scritti in inglese. Solo questo _readme e' in italiano.", "verified": "2026-08-20", "series": { "world_co2_total_t": { "what": "World CO₂ from fossil fuels, cement and land use, in tonnes", "source": "Global Carbon Budget v15 (2025), processed by Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-fossil-plus-land-use", "downloaded": "2026-08-20", "note": "The GCB projection for 2025 (38.1 Gt of fossil alone) is not comparable line by line with this series, which is the revised November 2025 version: the chart stops at 2024.", "values": { "1850": 2910870000.0, "1851": 3019545900.0, "1852": 3124945200.0, "1853": 3152687000.0, "1854": 3230597400.0, "1855": 3288079600.0, "1856": 3322113500.0, "1857": 3372864500.0, "1858": 3397969700.0, "1859": 3458485200.0, "1860": 3228275200.0, "1861": 3115803100.0, "1862": 3048249300.0, "1863": 3042359000.0, "1864": 3096068000.0, "1865": 3043131000.0, "1866": 3070036200.0, "1867": 3055824100.0, "1868": 3057754600.0, "1869": 3080701000.0, "1870": 3447550000.0, "1871": 3566818600.0, "1872": 3788767700.0, "1873": 3879655000.0, "1874": 3939355000.0, "1875": 4013272800.0, "1876": 4078097200.0, "1877": 4180692500.0, "1878": 4241147000.0, "1879": 4348401700.0, "1880": 4481337300.0, "1881": 4491630600.0, "1882": 4621833700.0, "1883": 4742018600.0, "1884": 4759060000.0, "1885": 4772625400.0, "1886": 4783079000.0, "1887": 4893109000.0, "1888": 5001777000.0, "1889": 5037133000.0, "1890": 5423613000.0, "1891": 5575736000.0, "1892": 5562222600.0, "1893": 5582067700.0, "1894": 5715949600.0, "1895": 5786031000.0, "1896": 5850712000.0, "1897": 5993856500.0, "1898": 6098221600.0, "1899": 6291440600.0, "1900": 6423620600.0, "1901": 6611075000.0, "1902": 6704710700.0, "1903": 6927692000.0, "1904": 7062163000.0, "1905": 7244465000.0, "1906": 7420486000.0, "1907": 7778838500.0, "1908": 7711734000.0, "1909": 7906798600.0, "1910": 7848427500.0, "1911": 7862825500.0, "1912": 7921230000.0, "1913": 8145113000.0, "1914": 7824466000.0, "1915": 7701369000.0, "1916": 7941576700.0, "1917": 8015732700.0, "1918": 7922889700.0, "1919": 7426347000.0, "1920": 8323490000.0, "1921": 8100611000.0, "1922": 8321305600.0, "1923": 8871154000.0, "1924": 8830048000.0, "1925": 8989484000.0, "1926": 8943636000.0, "1927": 9284173000.0, "1928": 9322984000.0, "1929": 9670662000.0, "1930": 9396154000.0, "1931": 9063629000.0, "1932": 8757925000.0, "1933": 8883585000.0, "1934": 9230620000.0, "1935": 9347265000.0, "1936": 9852772000.0, "1937": 10122651000.0, "1938": 9895467000.0, "1939": 10105731000.0, "1940": 10628067000.0, "1941": 10890240000.0, "1942": 10887828000.0, "1943": 10969573000.0, "1944": 10988551000.0, "1945": 10152701000.0, "1946": 10436162000.0, "1947": 10943441000.0, "1948": 11172639000.0, "1949": 10887348000.0, "1950": 12584438000.0, "1951": 13578993000.0, "1952": 13718915000.0, "1953": 14034659000.0, "1954": 14596570000.0, "1955": 15438170000.0, "1956": 15986904000.0, "1957": 16466128000.0, "1958": 16629944000.0, "1959": 17547878000.0, "1960": 16997519000.0, "1961": 17045148000.0, "1962": 16885641000.0, "1963": 17220108000.0, "1964": 17484388000.0, "1965": 17696027000.0, "1966": 17779765000.0, "1967": 18487898000.0, "1968": 19232403000.0, "1969": 20702343000.0, "1970": 21588808000.0, "1971": 21643262000.0, "1972": 22662668000.0, "1973": 23331550000.0, "1974": 23310911000.0, "1975": 23111973000.0, "1976": 23922774000.0, "1977": 24978129000.0, "1978": 25588640000.0, "1979": 25364419000.0, "1980": 25411107000.0, "1981": 24716337000.0, "1982": 24261296000.0, "1983": 24741630000.0, "1984": 25882049000.0, "1985": 26932607000.0, "1986": 27381360000.0, "1987": 27604136000.0, "1988": 28075438000.0, "1989": 28181033000.0, "1990": 28561215000.0, "1991": 28925889000.0, "1992": 28488323000.0, "1993": 28483164000.0, "1994": 29643506000.0, "1995": 29794720000.0, "1996": 30775304000.0, "1997": 32399938000.0, "1998": 31087950000.0, "1999": 31399629000.0, "2000": 31657245000.0, "2001": 31153697000.0, "2002": 32359027000.0, "2003": 34973900000.0, "2004": 35053887000.0, "2005": 35530064000.0, "2006": 36627894000.0, "2007": 37092463000.0, "2008": 38000680000.0, "2009": 38047830000.0, "2010": 39835500000.0, "2011": 40872546000.0, "2012": 41636856000.0, "2013": 41595343000.0, "2014": 41875608000.0, "2015": 41916154000.0, "2016": 40769384000.0, "2017": 41282380000.0, "2018": 41616028000.0, "2019": 41973748000.0, "2020": 39674770000.0, "2021": 41523966000.0, "2022": 42313163000.0, "2023": 42839593000.0, "2024": 43184087000.0 } }, "world_co2_fossil_t": { "what": "World CO₂ from fossil fuels and cement alone, in tonnes", "source": "Global Carbon Budget v15 (2025), via Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-fossil-plus-land-use", "downloaded": "2026-08-20", "values": { "1850": 196847600.0, "1851": 198778540.0, "1852": 207595090.0, "1853": 217236980.0, "1854": 255038560.0, "1855": 260259860.0, "1856": 278245630.0, "1857": 281181060.0, "1858": 285548380.0, "1859": 302572160.0, "1860": 332298430.0, "1861": 349190140.0, "1862": 355991070.0, "1863": 379534880.0, "1864": 409525400.0, "1865": 434851330.0, "1866": 449067000.0, "1867": 480813900.0, "1868": 494493540.0, "1869": 524731070.0, "1870": 536123300.0, "1871": 569776640.0, "1872": 630961500.0, "1873": 670467200.0, "1874": 628662200.0, "1875": 681048000.0, "1876": 690582500.0, "1877": 704032830.0, "1878": 709649540.0, "1879": 759794370.0, "1880": 858227800.0, "1881": 888172540.0, "1882": 938158100.0, "1883": 997862460.0, "1884": 1009762000.0, "1885": 1017489150.0, "1886": 1032987300.0, "1887": 1084283300.0, "1888": 1201341700.0, "1889": 1202097500.0, "1890": 1307255600.0, "1891": 1369598300.0, "1892": 1380536200.0, "1893": 1363179500.0, "1894": 1412227300.0, "1895": 1495963900.0, "1896": 1545450800.0, "1897": 1618405200.0, "1898": 1706966500.0, "1899": 1864424200.0, "1900": 1962883800.0, "1901": 2025628200.0, "1902": 2076956000.0, "1903": 2264592000.0, "1904": 2290254800.0, "1905": 2440570600.0, "1906": 2548978200.0, "1907": 2904949200.0, "1908": 2790395100.0, "1909": 2907111700.0, "1910": 3050273000.0, "1911": 3097207300.0, "1912": 3253928700.0, "1913": 3524845800.0, "1914": 3197750000.0, "1915": 3148030700.0, "1916": 3400232200.0, "1917": 3556498400.0, "1918": 3506084600.0, "1919": 3041113000.0, "1920": 3546758000.0, "1921": 3114994000.0, "1922": 3264716800.0, "1923": 3702996000.0, "1924": 3716142600.0, "1925": 3740632800.0, "1926": 3677406700.0, "1927": 4012946700.0, "1928": 3996310500.0, "1929": 4288210000.0, "1930": 3958094600.0, "1931": 3539318800.0, "1932": 3192590000.0, "1933": 3362682000.0, "1934": 3656185600.0, "1935": 3835740700.0, "1936": 4207928800.0, "1937": 4496713000.0, "1938": 4229616600.0, "1939": 4470132000.0, "1940": 4884662000.0, "1941": 4999090000.0, "1942": 4982523400.0, "1943": 5075272700.0, "1944": 5162486000.0, "1945": 4289311500.0, "1946": 4608545300.0, "1947": 5165203500.0, "1948": 5447883000.0, "1949": 5204032500.0, "1950": 5930406000.0, "1951": 6381651000.0, "1952": 6467699700.0, "1953": 6651039000.0, "1954": 6789734000.0, "1955": 7444102700.0, "1956": 7926275000.0, "1957": 8185976300.0, "1958": 8417516500.0, "1959": 8855113000.0, "1960": 9386952000.0, "1961": 9414990000.0, "1962": 9747241000.0, "1963": 10266778000.0, "1964": 10824470000.0, "1965": 11310602000.0, "1966": 11862625000.0, "1967": 12237371000.0, "1968": 12905273000.0, "1969": 13761798000.0, "1970": 14899139000.0, "1971": 15503863000.0, "1972": 16224580000.0, "1973": 17077285000.0, "1974": 16997913000.0, "1975": 16988476000.0, "1976": 17862492000.0, "1977": 18358039000.0, "1978": 19024742000.0, "1979": 19508590000.0, "1980": 19409793000.0, "1981": 18879756000.0, "1982": 18729742000.0, "1983": 18901776000.0, "1984": 19457250000.0, "1985": 20144863000.0, "1986": 20438045000.0, "1987": 21106190000.0, "1988": 21918757000.0, "1989": 22200214000.0, "1990": 22732145000.0, "1991": 23205591000.0, "1992": 22520424000.0, "1993": 22749872000.0, "1994": 22974597000.0, "1995": 23516640000.0, "1996": 24233476000.0, "1997": 24380322000.0, "1998": 24295713000.0, "1999": 24837771000.0, "2000": 25511483000.0, "2001": 25692994000.0, "2002": 26265332000.0, "2003": 27652692000.0, "2004": 28610023000.0, "2005": 29598951000.0, "2006": 30594152000.0, "2007": 31499256000.0, "2008": 32049660000.0, "2009": 31513014000.0, "2010": 33317670000.0, "2011": 34479990000.0, "2012": 34954736000.0, "2013": 35275820000.0, "2014": 35465695000.0, "2015": 35403526000.0, "2016": 35392830000.0, "2017": 35974610000.0, "2018": 36734005000.0, "2019": 37086570000.0, "2020": 35158230000.0, "2021": 36866863000.0, "2022": 37527773000.0, "2023": 38094040000.0, "2024": 38598580000.0 } }, "aviation_share_pct": { "what": "Aviation's share of total world CO₂ (denominator: fossil fuels plus land use)", "source": "Lee et al. 2021 and the Global Carbon Budget, via Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/aviation-share-co2", "downloaded": "2026-08-20", "note": "The series ends in 2021.", "values": { "1940": 0.32, "1941": 0.33, "1942": 0.36, "1943": 0.39, "1944": 0.41, "1945": 0.49, "1946": 0.51, "1947": 0.52, "1948": 0.56, "1949": 0.62, "1950": 0.58, "1951": 0.6, "1952": 0.64, "1953": 0.68, "1954": 0.71, "1955": 0.72, "1956": 0.74, "1957": 0.78, "1958": 0.82, "1959": 0.84, "1960": 0.93, "1961": 1.04, "1962": 1.15, "1963": 1.19, "1964": 1.22, "1965": 1.3, "1966": 1.38, "1967": 1.58, "1968": 1.72, "1969": 1.75, "1970": 1.64, "1971": 1.66, "1972": 1.68, "1973": 1.69, "1974": 1.65, "1975": 1.64, "1976": 1.58, "1977": 1.63, "1978": 1.66, "1979": 1.69, "1980": 1.7, "1981": 1.69, "1982": 1.72, "1983": 1.71, "1984": 1.72, "1985": 1.76, "1986": 1.82, "1987": 1.87, "1988": 1.92, "1989": 1.96, "1990": 1.93, "1991": 1.88, "1992": 1.91, "1993": 1.9, "1994": 1.94, "1995": 1.95, "1996": 1.98, "1997": 1.94, "1998": 2.07, "1999": 2.11, "2000": 2.17, "2001": 2.15, "2002": 2.12, "2003": 1.97, "2004": 2.06, "2005": 2.12, "2006": 2.06, "2007": 2.11, "2008": 2.04, "2009": 1.93, "2010": 1.95, "2011": 1.94, "2012": 1.94, "2013": 2.0, "2014": 2.04, "2015": 2.12, "2016": 2.27, "2017": 2.39, "2018": 2.46, "2019": 2.47, "2020": 1.55, "2021": 1.77 } }, "aviation_pkm_bn": { "what": "World passenger-kilometres, billions", "source": "Bergero et al. 2023 (Nature Sustainability), via Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/aviation-demand-efficiency", "downloaded": "2026-08-20", "values": { "1990": 1964.0, "1991": 1919.0, "1992": 1996.0, "1993": 2027.0, "1994": 2195.0, "1995": 2333.0, "1996": 2532.0, "1997": 2655.0, "1998": 2747.0, "1999": 2931.0, "2000": 3129.0, "2001": 3039.0, "2002": 3070.0, "2003": 3177.0, "2004": 3590.0, "2005": 3880.0, "2006": 4125.0, "2007": 4415.0, "2008": 4476.0, "2009": 4492.0, "2010": 4923.0, "2011": 5246.0, "2012": 5527.0, "2013": 5831.0, "2014": 6179.0, "2015": 6643.0, "2016": 7133.0, "2017": 7699.0, "2018": 8148.0, "2019": 8597.0, "2020": 2990.0, "2021": 6080.0 } }, "aviation_intensity_g_pkm": { "what": "CO₂ per passenger-kilometre, grammes", "source": "Bergero et al. 2023, via Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/aviation-demand-efficiency", "downloaded": "2026-08-20", "values": { "1990": 356.8, "1991": 351.1, "1992": 336.2, "1993": 326.8, "1994": 310.0, "1995": 297.4, "1996": 288.3, "1997": 276.5, "1998": 275.4, "1999": 266.5, "2000": 257.7, "2001": 262.1, "2002": 258.5, "2003": 247.0, "2004": 233.4, "2005": 228.8, "2006": 217.7, "2007": 208.6, "2008": 205.5, "2009": 188.4, "2010": 183.5, "2011": 180.4, "2012": 177.5, "2013": 175.0, "2014": 170.1, "2015": 170.1, "2016": 166.9, "2017": 163.9, "2018": 161.7, "2019": 157.4, "2020": 206.1, "2021": 141.1 } }, "aviation_co2_gt": { "what": "CO₂ from world aviation, Gt", "source": "Bergero et al. 2023, via Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/aviation-demand-efficiency", "downloaded": "2026-08-20", "values": { "1990": 0.54, "1991": 0.53, "1992": 0.53, "1993": 0.53, "1994": 0.56, "1995": 0.57, "1996": 0.6, "1997": 0.62, "1998": 0.63, "1999": 0.65, "2000": 0.67, "2001": 0.66, "2002": 0.67, "2003": 0.66, "2004": 0.7, "2005": 0.73, "2006": 0.74, "2007": 0.76, "2008": 0.75, "2009": 0.71, "2010": 0.75, "2011": 0.77, "2012": 0.78, "2013": 0.8, "2014": 0.83, "2015": 0.87, "2016": 0.91, "2017": 0.97, "2018": 1.01, "2019": 1.03, "2020": 0.61, "2021": 0.73 } }, "oecd_passenger_aviation_t": { "what": "CO₂ of commercial passenger flights only, in tonnes, assigned to the country of departure", "source": "OECD, Air transport CO2 emissions (experimental), via Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-from-aviation", "downloaded": "2026-08-20", "note": "A narrower perimeter than the Lee/Bergero series: no freight, charter or general aviation.", "values": { "2019": 863242600.0, "2020": 414080100.0, "2021": 480947680.0, "2022": 619355000.0, "2023": 766245600.0, "2024": 830253700.0 } } }, "figures": { "erf_2018_mwm2": { "what": "Aviation effective radiative forcing in 2018, by component, mW/m²", "source": "Lee et al. 2021, Atmospheric Environment 244:117834", "verified": "2026-08-20", "net": 101.0, "range_5_95": [ 55, 145 ], "values": { "contrails": 57.4, "co2": 34.3, "nox": 17.5, "h2o": 2.0 }, "note": "The components sum to more than the net figure: aerosols (sulphates) carry the opposite sign and are not shown." }, "ecac_flights_m": { "what": "IFR flights per year, millions", "source": "2019/2022/2024 STATFOR via EUROCONTROL Standard Inputs; 2025 Data Snapshot #57 (Network Manager area); 2020/2021/2023 read off the 7-Year Forecast chart and rounded", "verified": "2026-08-20", "note": "The ECAC area (44 states) and the Network Manager area are not the same.", "values": { "2019": 11.09, "2020": 5.0, "2021": 6.2, "2022": 9.24, "2023": 10.1, "2024": 10.63, "2025": 11.12 } }, "eurocontrol_gate_to_gate_mt": { "what": "Gate-to-gate CO₂ emitted inside the EUROCONTROL area, Mt", "source": "EUROCONTROL, Performance Review Report 2025 (March 2026), figure 3-4", "verified": "2026-08-20", "values": { "2022": 166, "2023": 190, "2024": 207, "2025": 216 } }, "vs2019_pct": { "what": "2025 against 2019, percentage change", "source": "EUROCONTROL, Performance Review Report 2025, figure 2-1", "verified": "2026-08-20", "note": "Slightly different geographical areas: ECAC for hours and distance, Network Manager area for flights.", "values": { "distance": 10.4, "pax": 8.6, "hours": 8.3, "co2": 4.2, "mtow": 3.4, "flights": 0.2 } }, "quoted": { "what": "Figures quoted in the text and not drawn in a chart", "verified": "2026-08-20", "values": { "erf_share_anthropogenic_pct": { "v": 3.5, "source": "Lee et al. 2021" }, "warming_share_pct": { "v": 4, "source": "Klower et al. 2021, ERL 16:104027" }, "warming_c": { "v": 0.04, "source": "Klower et al. 2021" }, "cumulative_aviation_gt": { "v": 33, "source": "Klower et al. 2021, dal 1940" }, "cumulative_share_pct": { "v": 2, "source": "Klower et al. 2021" }, "eu_aviation_share_pct": { "v": 4.4, "source": "EUROCONTROL PRR 2025 su dati EEA 2023" }, "atm_benefit_pool_pct": { "v": 9, "source": "EUROCONTROL PRR 2025, decimo percentile empirico" }, "operational_share_2050_pct": { "v": 10, "source": "EUROCONTROL, piano net-zero 2050" } } } } }